Self-determination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

Self-determination is central to the governance and aspirations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It empowers them to take the lead in decision-making, exercise sovereignty, and shape governance systems, development strategies, and nation-building processes. This section of the toolkit explores the principles, pathways, and practical steps toward achieving self-determination. Core concepts include:

1. Self-determination:  

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have the right to self-determination, enabling them to control their own governance, lands, and affairs.
• It emphasises creativity and innovation in governance, moving from externally imposed systems to community-driven solutions.

2. Sovereignty:  

• Recognising the inherent authority and autonomy of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, affirming that sovereignty was never ceded.
• Advocacy for treaty processes seeks formal recognition of this sovereignty.

3. Pathways to self-determination:

• Nation building: a process of enhancing governance capacity to achieve self-determined development. This involves engaging communities in defining governance priorities, building culturally legitimate institutions, fostering long-term strategies for economic, social, and political development.
• Treaty: a formal agreement between First Nations and the Australian government to recognise sovereignty and enable self-determined governance. Treaty processes create opportunities for communities to reclaim governance systems aligned with cultural values.
• Development: focuses on holistic, community-driven change that achieves long-term benefits in areas such as health, education, and economic independence. Effective development is sustainable and respects future generations’ needs.

The linked page also includes a useful downloadable factsheet on self-determination.